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Speed Reading For Everyone

 by: Marlene Challis

Speed reading can help students studying, lawyers, anyone who needs to take in a lot of information.

Important information that needs to stick in the brain.

What is also important, besides reading quickly, is to understand the information read and how to retain the information.

What good is a speed reader if he doesn t understand a thing he reads?

Five Types of Reading

An efficient reader adjusts his speed and strategy to suit the need of the moment. The 5 types of reading are classified into:

1. Skimming

Skimming refers to reading quickly to gain a general impression as to whether the text is of use to you. You are not necessarily searching for a specific item because it only provides an ‘overview’ of the text.Skimming is somewhat like reading the morning newspaper. You don t actually start at the top left corner and read every article on every page.

You read the headlines, reject many of the articles that you don t find relevant, and read only those that interests you, sometimes in a hit and miss fashion reading the headline, the first paragraph, skipping down to check out the names of the people.

Why Should I Skim?

Contents of most reading materials are not all important and relevant. Some of them are simple supporting details in which absence of them still makes the text complete. In other words, they are only trash. You wouldn t waste your time reading the trash at all, would you? The important items may be skimmed and ear-marked for later reading.

The critical may be skimmed to confirm that they are really critical. What is left in the really critical stack will demand intensity. Even then, you may want to skim each one before you read in detail. Skimming on a regular basis develops your ability to learn with this strategy.

It also improves other reading rates such as for studying and for average reading (that will be discussed later on this chapter). It builds your knowledge and vocabulary base so you have the background to rapidly absorb these ideas as they appear in other context.

How to Skim

1. Read the title. This focuses your attention on the topic.
2. Read the introduction. This may be the first paragraph or two. It usually describes, in general, the entire selection will be about.
3. Read the first sentence in each paragraph. Often as many as 80% of the paragraphs start with a summary or topic sentence. The rest of the sentences in the paragraph simply elaborate. You may skip the elaboration unless it is obviously necessary such as the definition of a very important term. When you skim, you really are only looking for general ideas.
4. Read the conclusion. This may be the last paragraph or two. It usually summarizes the article, specifies an opinion, or makes some recommendations based on the general content.
5. Test your comprehension. Look away from the article and tell yourself in a sentence or two what the entire article was about.

2. Scanning

When you re looking for, say for instance, a car service phone number in the telephone directory, you don’t read every listing, do you?

Instead, you skip over a lot of unrelated information and scan for a visual image of the name of the company on the relevant page. It is like looking for a friend at the basketball game. You do not look at each individual face across every row of seats. Because you have a visual image of your friend s face, you scan the audience until you see him.

Scanning printed words is similar to this.

Why Should I Scan?

You scan to locate a single fact or a specific bit of information without reading everything in the whole text material or even in just a chapter.

Perhaps you have a list of terms that you know are going to be on the next biology test. You have already encountered them during the lecture in class so while reviewing, you just look up each word in the index, go to the given page number, and scan for just that word.

When you find them, you read the sentence in which they appear. If it is not yet clear to you, then you may want to read the entire paragraph.

How to Scan

1. Flip through the pages to see how the information is organized. It may be alphabetical, chronological, topical categories from most important to least important, or the standard essay format of introduction, body, and conclusion.

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2. Turn to the section most likely to contain the specified details.
3. Keep a visual image of the key word in mind.

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4. Run your eyes over the material in a search for that keyword visual image. Don’t be tempted to stop and browse. You can do that some other time.

3. Light Reading

Reading for leisure tends to be ‘light’.

So, the main purpose of the reader in performing this type of reading is when he/she has ample time in such activity and no other obligations whatsoever. Light reading is done according to the following:

• Read at a pace which feels comfortable.
• Read with understanding.
• Skim the boring, irrelevant passages.

An average light reading speed is 100-200 words per minute. This form of reading does not generally require detailed concentration.

4. Word by Word Reading

This type of reading is time consuming and demands a high level of concentration.

According to what it s called, such reading type is done by reading a word after every word. Some materials is not readily understood and so they requires a slow and careful analytical read. People use this type of reading for unfamiliar words and concepts, scientific formulae, technical materials, and the like.

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But, why to discontinue in midway? Explore till the end to feel if it works for you.

It can take up to an hour just to read a few paragraphs or chapter of the text.

5. Reading to Study

The main method used in reading to study is called SQ3R.

Its aim is to understand the material in some depth. The method involves five simple steps, namely:-

Survey, Question, Read, Recall and Review, in which the name came from.

• Survey: skim through to gain an overview and not key points.
• Question: devise questions you hope the text will answer.
• Read: slowly and carefully.
• Recall: from memory, write down the main points made by the chapter.
• Review: revisit and answer the questions you first raised.

Compare these to your recall and establish how well the text has answered them. Fill in any gaps by further reading

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Leading In The Face Of Disaster

 by: Jeff Earlywine

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The date was Saturday, April 11, 1970, the time 13:13 CST. The event to take place was to be one of NASA’s finest hours; the launch of Apollo 13. Apollo 13 was supposed to land in the Fra Mauro area. However, an explosion on board forced the crew to circle the moon without landing.

The first two days the crew ran into a couple of minor surprises, but generally Apollo 13 was looking like the smoothest flight of the program. At 46 hours, 43 minutes Joe Kerwin, the CapCom on duty, said, “The spacecraft is in real good shape as far as we are concerned.”

At 55 hours, 46 minutes, the crew finished a 49-minute TV broadcast showing how comfortably they lived and worked in weightlessness. Nine minutes later, oxygen tank No. 2 blew up, causing the No. 1 tank also to fail. The message came in the form of a sharp bang and vibration. Next, the warning lights indicated the loss of two of Apollo 13’s three fuel cells, which were the spacecrafts prime source of electricity.

Then, the crew aboard the spaceship, and the entire NASA staff spent the next 5 Days, 22 hours, 54 min, 41 seconds working to get the three-man crew back to earth.

In the midst of this disaster this team of NASA employees demonstrated some leadership lessons that we can apply to our organizations (and lives) today.

1. You must be committed regardless - It has been said, “Teamwork is what makes the dream work.” A group of people working as one will usually get the job done and come out on top. This team of NASA employees couldn’t be any more diverse. Upon reviewing the team you see they are different in every way but one. They were different in age, education, experience, and agenda. But they all were committed to getting that spaceship back to earth in one piece and the crew back alive. Each team member demonstrated 100% commitment to his/her area of responsibility. In a time of disaster or crisis you simply don’t have time for diversions showing up in the form of team members trying to fulfill their own selfish agendas.

- Leadership lesson: Refuse to lose.

2. You must be willing to do what has never been done before - CapCom, the person responsible for the success of the mission, had to keep his staff believing they would not lose those astronauts aboard Apollo 13. His commitment was tested a few different times when his top leaders, letting human nature get the better of them, began to talk about the odds of getting those men back alive. As soon as he quickly put an end to this talk, his leadership skills were again tested with challenges such as the lack of power, oxygen, or water aboard the spaceship. As human beings it is easy for us to get comfortable and to settle for “what we have always done.” For your organization to excel past all others you must be willing to think outside the box. One such organization is the Natural Resource Network (NRN). This small organization is taking the nation by storm revolutionizing the small home-business concept. It used to be that if you wanted a small home-business to make a few extra dollars you had to get a “kit” and hit the road selling some product to every relative, friend, and enemy you could find. Since most people don’t enjoy this type of selling NRN is developing a way to have professional marketing agencies obtain customers for you. Your part is then to service that customer with the goods and services they need and want.

- Leadership lesson: Thinking outside the box.

3. You must be willing to look at your job and organization in a totally new way. NASA had to look at space flight, specifically this flight, in a totally new way. Not being willing would have ended in the death of those three astronauts. It is certain that your organization (even your life) will face challenges this year. How you view these challenges will determine your future success. While at the same time, how you view your organization (the values, vision, and mission) will determine its success.

- Leadership lesson: Your focus must be flexible in order to have your preferred future

Next month’s edition of Footprints and Monuments will explore in detail what it means to have a committed team that refuses to lose, a team that constantly thinks outside the box, with a focus on a preferred future.

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